基于超螺旋二阶滑模的双馈风力发电机控制策略

传统双馈风力发电机(DFIG)控制存在抖振现象,容易造成系统的不稳定。为了减轻控制抖振现象,提高控制的稳定性,在分析了DFIG动态特性的基础上,建立了DFIG的数学模型,设计了超螺旋二阶滑模控制器,并研究了突变风的情况下滑模控制器的控制性能。通过MATLAB/Simulink工具进行了仿真验证。仿真结果证明:滑模控制器具有良好的最优转矩跟踪能力和无功调节能力,与一般的控制方法相比鲁棒性较强,转子控制电压连续,控制产生的抖振可以大幅减轻,系统的稳定性大大提升。     

基于二阶滑模算法的永磁电机直接转矩控制

针对传统直接转矩控制(DTC)方法低速控制精度差、转矩脉动大、开关频率不稳定等问题,提出了一种基于二阶滑模控制的永磁电机DTC方法。该控制方法基于二阶滑模控制原理,将传统磁链控制器与转矩控制器以滑模控制器替代,对空间电压进行矢量调制,提高了开关频率的稳定性,获得了良好的动态稳定性,改善了电机输出性能。仿真与试验结果表明,该控制方法能够有效减小电流脉动与转矩脉动,同时提高了控制系统的抗干扰能力,实现了电机的快速动态响应,具有较强的鲁棒性能。     

Streamwise vortex generation by the rod

The technology development related to aerodynamics is leading to ever increasing loads of wings, airfoils and turbine and compressor blades. The increase in aerodynamic forces is often leading to flow separation and depreciation of the aerodynamic performance of flying objects or propulsion systems. Flow control methods are required to avoid these negative effects. In the recent two decades the flow control by means of air-jet vortex generators has been also intensively investigated. In this method a streamwise vortex is introduced by an oblique jet. The necessity to supply air by a pipe system may be considered a disadvantage. In order to eliminate this feature, it has been proposed to put out a rod instead of a jet. It has been shown that the application of a rod can introduce the same effect as a jet, as long as the streamwise vortex generation is concerned and appropriate dimensions are used. The present paper focuses on the influence of rod vortex generators on a flow pattern downstream. The results presented here concern experimental and numerical investigations and provide guidelines for the design of a new flow control method dedicated mainly to external flows.     

基于双变量预测控制的表贴式永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统

基于电压矢量幅值和相角为变量的表贴式永磁同步电机(SPMSM)定子磁链幅值和转矩表达式,给出了9个不同幅值和相角的备选电压矢量,采用预测控制计算得出施加不同电压矢量下一时刻的定子磁链幅值和转矩值,建立了基于磁链和转矩误差的目标函数,并选择使目标函数最小的电压矢量为作为下一时刻施加的最优电压矢量。仿真结果表明:在双变量预测控制下,SPMSM直接转矩控制系统运行良好,定子磁链轨迹为理想圆,磁链和转矩均符合控制要求,转速跟踪良好,定子电流波形正弦。进一步对比分析表明:与开关表和固定电压矢量选择策略相比,双变量预测控制能显著减小转矩和磁链脉动。与开关表相比,转矩脉动均方根误差降低了62.92%,磁链脉动均方根误差降低了45.05%,评价函数均值降低了60.30%；与固定电压矢量选择策略相比,转矩脉动均方根误差降低了22.40%,磁链脉动均方根误差降低了3.85%,评价函数均值降低了15.93%。     

耦合热、动载荷的超超临界汽轮机迷宫密封动力特性

密封汽流激振严重影响超超临界汽轮机的安全运行,采用DEFINE_CG_MOTION和DEFINE_PROFILE控制宏建立转子的涡动方程,通过Workbench流固耦合方法计算热、动载荷下密封齿形变,根据快速傅里叶变化得到机组运行时的密封动力特性,并对转子稳定性进行分析。结果表明:蒸汽可导致密封齿膨胀变形,温度对密封齿长度变化影响可达1%~1.5%,压力和离心作用对其影响较小。热、动载荷使迷宫密封直接刚度减小,直接阻尼先增加后减小,交叉刚度先减小后增加,动力系数的最大变化为原来的2倍。35~55 Hz内转子稳定裕度急剧下降,转子对密封汽流激振更敏感。热、动载荷引起的压力波动集中在低频范围,密封周向压力波动可增高18.5 kPa。密封高压区的压力波幅剧增是汽流激振显著的主要原因。      

Distributed intelligent self-organized mission planning of multi-UAV for dynamic targets cooperative search-attack

This article studies the cooperative search-attack mission problem with dynamic targets and threats, and presents a Distributed Intelligent Self-Organized Mission Planning (DISOMP) algorithm for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (multi-UAV). The DISOMP algorithm can be divided into four modules: a search module designed based on the distributed Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm, an attack module designed based on the Parallel Approach (PA) scheme, a threat avoidance module designed based on the Dubins Curve (DC) and a communication module designed for information exchange among the multi-UAV system and the dynamic environment. A series of simulations of multi-UAV searching and attacking the moving targets are carried out, in which the search-attack mission completeness, execution efficiency and system suitability of the DISOMP algorithm are analyzed. The simulation results exhibit that the DISOMP algorithm based on online distributed down-top strategy is characterized by good flexibility, scalability and adaptability, in the dynamic targets searching and attacking problem.     

基于ICKF的永磁同步电机无传感器控制方法

针对在永磁同步电机(Permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)中安装传感器带来的高成本、体积增大、可靠性降低和易受环境干扰等问题,提出采用迭代容积卡尔曼滤波(Iterative cubature Kalman filter,ICKF)算法来估计电机转速和转子位置,并将其应用于永磁同步电机无传感器控制。首先,建立了PMSM在α-β坐标系下的离散数学模型。其次,在Matlab/Simulink环境下分别建立了基于容积卡尔曼滤波(Cubature Kalman filter,CKF)和ICKF的PMSM转速、电流双闭环的无传感器矢量控制系统仿真模型,并进行了给定转速和加负载两种工况的仿真验证。最后,基于TMS320F28335芯片搭建了硬件实验验证平台。仿真分析与实验结果均表明,迭代容积卡尔曼滤波算法应用于永磁同步电机无传感器控制中抗负载变化干扰性好、电机运行稳定、电机转速和转子位置估计精度高,可满足对电机精确控制要求较高的应用场合,具有重要参考价值和推广意义。     

低轨Walker星座构型偏置维持控制方法分析

针对低轨（low earth orbit,LEO）Walker星座构型稳定性维持问题，分析了低轨卫星的轨道摄动和星座构型稳定性的影响因素。通过分析低轨Walker星座的轨道摄动和相对漂移特点，提出了两次偏置策略。首先，依据未偏置时星座相对漂移量拟合得出第一次偏置时的偏置量。然后利用第一次偏置后的相对漂移量拟合得出第二次偏置量，消除残余项影响。两次偏置量叠加，使相对漂移大大降低。结果表明，低轨Walker星座中各卫星的初始参数偏差造成了升交点赤经和沿迹角相对漂移的发散，两次偏置策略可将两种星座的相对漂移量降至0.1°以下，证明了策略的有效性，提高了星座构型稳定性。     

Solar sails for perturbation relief: Application to asteroids

A major cause of spacecraft orbital variation comes from natural perturbations, which, in close proximity of a body, are dominated by its non-spherical nature. For small bodies, such as asteroids, these effects can be considerable, given their uneven (and uncertain) mass distribution. Solar sail technology is proposed to reduce or eliminate the net secular effects of the irregular gravity field on the orbit. Initially, a sensitivity analysis will be carried out on the system which will show high sensitivity to changes in initial conditions. This presents a challenge for optimisation methods which require an initial guess of the solution. As such, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed as the preferred optimisation method as this requires no initial guess from the user. A multi-objective optimisation is performed which aims to achieve a periodic orbit whilst also minimising the effort required by the sail to do so. Given the system sensitivity, the control law for one orbit is not necessarily applicable for any subsequent orbit. Therefore, a new method of updating the control law for subsequent orbits is presented, based on linearisation and use of a Control Transition Matrix (CTM). The techniques will later find application in a multiple asteroid rendezvous mission with a solar sail as the primary propulsion system.     

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.